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Stories In Focus

Faculty Art Show Opens

Every year the members of the Art Department get a chance to display their personal work in the Faculty Art Exhibit. It is an opportunity for the professors to see their pieces in a gallery setting and for their students, colleagues, and friends to get a glimpse of how they apply what they teach in the classroom to their work.

There Are Tears For ThingsThis year’s show will feature Professors Dave Huth and Ted Murphy’s sabbatical work, installations by Professors Alicia Taylor and Ryan Cooley, ceramics by Professor Gary Baxter, and watercolors by Professor John Rhett.

Upon returning from a year devoted to his studio practice, Murphy is ready to exhibit the pieces that he has been faithfully working on for eighteen months. His works are mixed media, combining graphite drawings and washes of color that create invented spaces. “Baroque” is the term Murphy uses when describing the pieces. Out of the forty pieces he has made for this specific project, Murphy has chosen twenty-five to appear in the gallery.

Baxter will display what he does best, ceramics. The common theme of his wheel-thrown bowls is trout, which are intricately drawn on to the bottom, sides, and inside of his bowls. The series has taken him about eight months and in order for the pieces to make the cut for the show, they had to “come out of the kiln singing” said Baxter. His pieces are “Spiritual relics that are inspired by the natural realm” and that “celebrate and honor the beauty of nature.”

ArtworkThe dynamics and nuances of the gallery space were crucial for Cooley’s “site specific” photography installation. His piece involves a combination of suspended lights and photography with the intent on focusing on the physicality of the photograph. “I’m thinking less about the content of the photograph and more about the viewer’s relationship to the photograph,” said Cooley. He wants to push the limits of the “viewers sensorial relationship” with an image, hoping to make it involve more than just sight. Cooley’s installation is “experiential,” meaning you need to see it in person rather than on a computer screen to fully understand it.

What Baxter looks forward to most from the exhibit are the reactions that people have to his work. “I enjoy just seeing them smile or have a look of confusion or bewilderment,” said Baxter.

Murphy thinks that the Faculty Art Exhibit is important because it is a chance to share with the students what he is doing. “It doesn’t make sense to encourage students to do work and not do it ourselves,” said Murphy. For him, it is an opportunity for his students to judge whether or not his work has “any relevance to their work.”

Getting to see his work and also his fellow faculty members’ work in a gallery setting is what Cooley is highly anticipating. The exhibit is also a chance to see his work come to life. “Because it is so site specific, it almost always exists just as an idea until I can set it up,” said Cooley.

The Faculty Art Exhibit is now open at the Ortlip Gallery and the reception will be held on tonight, Friday, February 6th at 6pm.

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Opinions

Endangered Language Species

Houghton should increase the amount of language credits required for integrative studies in order to support the school’s mission of global service. With the increasing globalization of technological communication, it is important for students to learn a second language in order to relate in a world that thrives on interpersonal relationships. Because technology provides an easily accessible route for conversation, verbal communication has become a lost art for many modern students. The language learning process encourages cross-cultural communication that extends beyond words, helping a speaker to identify with cultural values.

Like any difficult task, language learning requires motivation in order for proper growth to occur. Most people think language aptitude, the mental ability to acquire a new language, should be the primary motivation for language learning. However, according to a study done at McGill University, “when measures of aptitude are correlated with grades in language courses, the validity coefficients show considerable variability from situation to situation.” Fear of inadequate aptitude should not hold anyone back from learning a second language. Instead, one should, with confidence and enthusiastic interest, strive to learn another’s language.

McKeever_quoteHoughton students strive to help others across the globe. However, we cannot achieve these goals if we assume that all cultures should conform to English as the one supreme language. This conformist view enables a subtle manifestation of ethnocentrism. Learning a foreign language combats ethnocentric tendencies by forming relationships between oneself and another culture.

Professor of Spanish, David Kinman, believes “the reason to learn another language is to be able to value the speaker of that language.” With the common bond of language, one better identifies with the other on a deep level. This approach transcends utilitarian uses of language by creating a foundation for building relationships of trust with people from other cultures. Professor Kinman disproves the misconception that only language majors have a purpose and motivation for learning a foreign language.

Not only does language learning promote valuing other cultures, it supports the Christian ideal of service to others. Professor of French, Jean-Louis Roederer, spoke from personal experience saying, “As Christians, it is critical that we understand people of other cultures in order to minister better. “

For instance, Roederer recounted an experience from when he was a student to demonstrate his point. He and wife, Sandy Roederer, took part in a ministry at Houghton called Torchbearers. The group went door to door sharing their faith in Wellsville. Upon arriving at a certain house, Roederer asked in English if he could share his faith with the woman. She politely declined, but as he was leaving, he heard her call in French to one of her children playing in the yard. Roederer turned around and began speaking French with the woman. Upon hearing her heart language, she welcomed the conversation and invited him inside to hear more about his faith.

This simple anecdote exemplifies how important learning a second language should be at a school thats mission statement prioritizes global service. In order to fulfill the command in Ephesians 5:21 to “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ,” we must strive to relate to other cultures by conquering language barriers.

Throughout the years, Houghton has slowly gotten rid of the Classics major combining Latin and Greek studies, the German major, and the French major. The only language major that still exists at Houghton is a Spanish major.  Houghton students used to be required to take 12 credits, or four semesters, of language before they could graduate. Now, only 2 semesters of language are required. Most students test out of this requirement.  Houghton risks losing its language departments because the Administration worries that enrollment will go down if the school requires language credits for each student, regardless of previous experience. Fear of decrease in enrollment should not hinder Houghton from making decisions that will increase the growth of students. According to Roederer, Houghton sends out more international workers, missionaries, and linguists than any other Christian school in the nation. These students should be equipped with language learning tools in order for effective ministry to

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Opinions

Towards a New Feminist Imperative

When I finally found myself caught in a self-contradictory tangle of pop-activist ideals and “PC” jargon I decided it was high time to rethink my position on the political spectrum. As I have organized thoughts, ideals, opinions, and beliefs, I have encountered more than a few complicated “isms,” and the ever-popular feminism is one of them. Unfortunately, discovering the meaning of feminism for Western people today seems like an impossible task.

LexDakin Feminism has become a catch-all term used in a variety of contexts, from internet comment threads to political and literary texts. Our common discourse is overrun by opinions, and not a few of them seem blatantly heretical in their barest, ugliest forms. A multiplicity of definitions detracts from meaning, and feminism loses its concision and strength.

If an ideal is a belief or standard that influences action, defining feminism by what it does may be the place to start. While I’m at an immediate loss for what exactly feminism should do, I certainly have a few thoughts on what feminism shouldn’t do.

Feminism should not shame housewives and conservative women. Feminism should not categorically label and degrade men. Feminism should not encourage anger or violence. Using feminism as a soapbox or a sob story to attract attention to individual people accomplishes nothing for the greater good of the whole. Rejecting people because they don’t fit the bill weakens the name of the cause.

If feminism seeks equality for women, it is on the basis that all people deserve respect. No matter the race, sex, gender, orientation, beliefs, or identity, freedom to operate without fear of discrimination is a primary goal. If feminism so eagerly applies its force to free women from the bonds of sexism, it seems that feminists should be as eager to stand against discrimination across the board.

Dakin_quoteWhich is why I find myself sadly disturbed by the conversations flowing around me on a daily basis, espoused by people who would claim to be feminists but willingly degrade and disrespect others on the basis of sexual orientation, religious belief, or political ideology. Too many “feminists” fall into the trap of blaming and stereotyping men rather than educating and empowering men and women alike. Women who choose to live a lifestyle of religious conservatism that is interpreted as oppressive are mocked and patronized. The internet can be a snake’s den of hatred masked by anonymity.

I certainly do not have all of my own beliefs figured out, let alone a confident grasp on some of our culture’s most popularized beliefs today. But I can say that it seems to me there is a glaring contradiction in a feminism that despises and discriminates. Feminism begins with respecting, uplifting, and encouraging people for the pure fact of their humanity. Therefore, it is an originally justified idea and this respect should carry beyond the limits of sex and gender.

Maybe this topic is overwrought, but I’m tired of the hypocrisy. Regardless of how we identify as individuals, we should offer the same respect we expect for ourselves to everyone else. Besides, wouldn’t Christ do the same?

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Opinions

Will Pictures be the End of Us?

If there’s one unarguable fact about the digital age, it is that images dominate our lives. Every day we’re bombarded by advertisements, Snapchats, Instagram notifications—an unstemmed tide of visual narrative.  If you’ve ever taken a class with Professor Dave Huth, you’ve undoubtedly heard what opponents of our image-saturated age think of this flood of images; how they destroy our culture, decrease social capital and interaction, and ultimately make us a bunch of gibbering idiots covered in x-pro filters.

MasonWilkesAt this point, you’re either tired of hearing this argument, terrified that we’re all going to devolve into those chair people from Wall-E, or, like the skeptical Houghton postmodern that you are, you’ve decided that images can’t be the end of human intelligence. In a way, I identify with all three of these perspectives. On the one hand, I see what appears to be a rapid decline in what has classically been defined as ‘society.’

People statistically talk face-to-face less often, hang out in shorter increments, and on the face of it, literacy and basic common sense seem to have been pushed to the side by our new, selfie-stick-wielding, 24-hour-news-cycle-watching overlords. Recently, this hit me as, ironically enough, I watched the 1963 film Contempt by French director Jean –Luc Godard. Characters in the film consistently quoted from memory the likes of Dante, Virgil, and Homer. And not only did they quote, but they APPLIED what they quoted. The words that they committed to memory, astonishingly enough, impacted their lives.

Now, I don’t know about you, but I find that our culture can barely remember which 125 characters we sent five minutes ago, let alone a passage from Dante’s journey through the bowels of Hell. The likes of media critics would assert that this is due to our increased dependence on our televisions, phones, and computer screens and the resulting ‘death’ of word-based, literary culture. In short, when a phone or a computer becomes your primary means of information gathering, you condense your thought life into a measly 125 characters.

However, before we finish unplugging our routers, deleting our contacts, and in some case (I see you, Neil Postman) fashioning tinfoil hats, I urge consideration of a blended co-existence with technology. While the dangers of technological dependence are well-documented, albeit highly contested, the benefits are often overlooked. Through computing power, we can create twice as fast, reach an exponential number of people with our ideas, and pretty much do ten times the work that we normally could. For instance, the current business idea of the ‘lean startup’ would be largely impossible without the ability of a small staff to work efficiently and effectively—two game-changing characteristics of technological improvement.

mason_quoteIn short, our tendencies are to create binaries—we can either have this or that, but not both. But that does not have to be the case in regards to our interactions with technology. If we foolishly allow ourselves to become entirely absorbed by yakking, snapping, and tweeting, we miss out on a significant portion of beneficial literary and interpersonal communication. Concurrently, if we focus only on the interpersonal and literary, we miss out on the benefits of mass communication, entirely disregarding the current trends of overlap between these two. Ultimately, by applying some self-control and a little creativity, the two often “opposing” parts of modern life can be brought together into a continuous whole.

So here’s my advice: go read a book, discuss it, and then snap about it with your friends. *
*(data and message rates may apply)

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News

Three Houghton Faculty Receive Tenure

This past week, the announcement was made that Professors Lori Huth, Dr. John Rowley, and Dr. Jamie Potter would be receiving tenure. Tenure provides job security for the faculty member, who has typically served six years, subject to the guidelines of Houghton’s Statement of Community Responsibility and Doctrinal Statement. Specifically for Houghton, tenured faculty members need to have an earned degree in a field related to their teaching and show strength in integration of faith with learning and practice, teaching, scholarship and service to the college.

HuthCMYKDespite popular belief, tenure is not job security for life no matter what the faculty member does, but a guarantee of full due process in evaluations of performance and behavior.

The process to attain tenure is a lengthy one. Over the course of the six years served, multiple people and committees review the faculty members’ applications, teachings, scholarship and service. Everyone from faculty peers to President Mullen is involved in the process.

RowleyCMYKRelief that the strenuous and rigorous process is over is the general consensus of the three professors. “The application process itself is a lot of work,” says Huth. She said achieving tenure “requires many years of working hard on all components of being a good faculty member.” Linda Mills Woolsey, Dean of the College, praised the creative writing professor stating  “Ms. Huth brings high standards to writing teaching and some of her students have been winning national awards.”

Rowley, Professor of Chemistry, feels receiving tenure validates his vocation, which is to “teach students to be excellent scientists in a Christian context.” Woolsey said Rowley has “provided leadership for Science Honors and strong service to the Chemistry program.” Although he feels now he does not need to worry about proving himself, Rowley wants to debunk the popular myth that professors become lazy after receiving tenure. “I think tenure results in greater responsibility on the part of faculty,” said Rowley.

PotterCMYKFor Potter, she doesn’t want her position to make her complacent. “There are a lot of things I want to achieve in the department,” stated the biology professor. She feels having tenure will give her more confidence to “take the advancements” that she wants to take. Along with Rowley, Potter has made contributions to Science Honors and “has done a great deal to build and support Pre-Health Professions,” says Woolsey.

Both the Rank and Tenure Committee and the Academic Affairs Committee of the Boards were “Impressed by the achievements of these faculty,” according to Woolsey. Huth, Rowley, and Potter “Have shown a strong commitment to teaching and to serving students.”

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News

Obama Proposes Free Community College

Last week in the State of the Union Address, President Barack Obama outlined America’s College Promise, a plan to “lower the cost of community college — to zero.”

According to The Chronicle of Higher Education, the proposal aims to waive tuition for community college students who maintain a minimum 2.5 GPA and “make steady progress toward completing their program.” The plan applies to both half-time and full-time students and includes certificate, associate, and bachelor’s degrees. The plan would cost the federal government an estimated $60-billion over ten years, which would cover 75% of projected costs, while participating states would be asked to fund the other 25%.

358209_Obama-Community-College.18Dr. Linda Mills Woolsey, Dean of the College, who said she has “mixed feelings” about the plan, described it as a “well-intentioned” attempt to “meet a projected education gap” and to “make sure that there’s access to education for people from all economic backgrounds.” Woolsey said doing this solely through the community college system, however, encourages the mass-production of education,“we’re imagining a kind of Henry Ford type way to get students through their first couple years of education.”

Eric Currie, Vice President for Enrollment Management, said while initially the plan might “create a challenging moment” for Houghton, the already existing “great transfer processes” Houghton has with community colleges will be an important asset. Currie said Houghton is likely to continue to prioritize the continued development of online programs and of the Buffalo campus of Houghton, both of which more closely meet the needs of the demographic of students primarily targeted by America’s College Promise.

President Shirley Mullen said her primary concern is the current prominence of cost in the dialogue about higher education would make it “easy for the idea of a free two-year college to just be too tempting for students for whom that really isn’t the best option and not the only option,” and usually the rhetoric about cost “underestimates the impact of [four year] education on even one’s financial resources over the long haul.” She described a sadness in the potential loss, not just for Houghton, but for all students pursuing higher education if the proposal draws students away from four-year learning communities that in general provide “a more coherent education overall.” However, Mullen also said, “we would like to have more transfer students” as they often bring a greater appreciation for Houghton and a more focused drive. Currently, transfer students make up 18% of incoming students and 15% of the student body.

Currie said while he supports anything that will bring education to more people, he would have liked to see the government offer to pay two years of tuition for eligible students at any college that was able to meet a given price cap. “I would say challenge us all to rise to the occasion. Not just community colleges,” said Currie. “Challenge whoever is willing to go and make it happen…I think that that edifies some of the best things about our society which is innovation, entrepreneurship…and the kind of take charge personality, and yet still meeting people’s needs.”

The needs of the people are not just financial. Woolsey said she embraces the social good of widely-available free education, but is not sure “it will do what we want it to do if in the process we lose the richness and variety of higher education.”  Woolsey said, “These small private colleges and even some of the midsized, private Christian colleges offer an education that’s more varied, sometimes more creative, and certainly more focused on the individual.”

Though at this point it seems highly unlikely that the proposal will make it through congress any time soon, Currie said, “Whether it’s President Obama or the next President or the President after that, I think that something like this is going to come through…it’s on the radar in the federal government and in the state governments that they feel that they really want to have an impact on this issue, and I think they feel it’s important.”

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News

Lack of Theatre Life on Campus Draws Attention

There are no plays planned for this semester at Houghton. The school’s theater clubs have experienced a dearth of interest from the student body. This loss of momentum is a result of several factors, yet there is movement on the part of the faculty to breathe life into Houghton theater.

Wynn Horton, ’15, has been deeply involved with theater in his time at Houghton. He expressed his concern, “2014-2015 is the first of several years at Houghton in which there has been no theatre. We have had a plethora of plays and musicals over the last 4 years and now hit a drought.”

904252_10151660104873968_1464994562_oThere are two active theater groups on campus: Encore and Houghton Musical Theater Players. Formerly, the Shakespeare Players put on works by their namesake before being subsumed into Encore. These groups have faced an economic challenge over the past few years as the cost of copyright has become greater than net revenue from the production.

With the reduction of the student body, there are fewer students participating in productions though the overall percentage of students interested in the performing arts may not have changed. Encore president Sarah Wright views the problem as a, “vicious circle.” As a result of fewer students participating in productions, other students know less about the productions because they don’t permeate as much of the campus population, thus even fewer students participate in later productions. This cycle runs parallel to another. The lack of funding for the plays means that they cannot have as high a quality as they would otherwise. This results in a lack of attendance, and therefore a lack of funding for further performance ventures. The solution might be to change ticket prices, however, if they are raised, the audience will shrink. If they are lowered, the overall revenue might shrink as well.

It is difficult to find a clear answer to breaking this cycle. It may not be able to raise itself up from its current status without outside help. Encore has made several efforts to increase its appeal to students. They have held an activity themed workshop on stage make-up that they had hoped would be joined by other theater-centric workshops. The low attendance of the first workshop cancelled any further plans of this kind. They have also looked into performing smaller plays, such as one-acts. Professor Wardwell suggested they participate in a 72-hour “Theater Blitz” wherein a play is written, cast, and performed in 3 days. The size of these productions make them a better fit for the present interest and funding. Their short term involvement means students aren’t required to commit as much time to them.

These efforts have been matched by further challenges. Theater groups have had trouble renting spaces to practice and even perform plays, relegating them to classrooms until opening night. The Encore Theater Group recently had to relocate their props and equipment from the building now occupied by Addie’s Ice Cream. The group understands the need for the move, but found the replacement location provided by the college meant having to throw away half of their props due to size constraints.

There is a chance that the dry spell of theater interest could be part of a larger cycle. Horton thinks that it parallels other Houghton activities, “It makes sense that one group of students had the momentum to pull off large theatre productions while others don’t. In the same way, other student organizations or campus events go through similar ebb and flow patterns. For example, the student government’s presence and interest in it comes and goes, SPOT and its talent/entertainment value comes and goes, and clubs like the Pro-life Club or Math Clubs come and go depending on whether or not there are students to lead them.” Horton said, “Theatre clubs are the same, if no one steps up or there’s no interest, then there’s no theatre. The only difference is, when musicals and plays have become almost habitual – people notice when they’re missing. I’d love to see someone make theatre happen again.”

Professor Susan Lipscomb wants to encourage a rekindled interest in Houghton productions through faculty intervention. She, along with professors Gaerte and Wardwell are working towards bringing a director as resident on campus for the upcoming three years. The director would come and spend four weeks working solely on producing a play alongside Houghton students. The cost of this residency would be paid for by an application of the Van Gorden Fund, which is dedicated to nurturing English, theater, and the arts. The three-year pilot will be vetted for a continuation of the program in subsequent years.

Professor Wardwell sees theater as an important component to life on a college campus. In his view, theater serves a human, not just educational, benefit. Horton agrees, “The stage is a medium that can truly be used as a platform or arena for conversations of all kinds and of all temperatures – perhaps even some of the edgy conversations Houghton has been avoiding over the last few years? Acting also encourages those on stage to truly put themselves in the shoes of others, and sometimes even legitimize estranged people groups or taboo topics. Regardless of theatre’s social value, it is entertaining, and we all know Houghton can never have enough of that during the cold winter months.”

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International News

Boko Haram Attacks in Nigeria

The Boko Hararm, a militant terrorist group in Nigeria, attacked and took control of Monguno,Nigeria on Sunday. The town hosts a large military barracks and is home to 100,000 people. The group also launched an attack on the Borno State capital city of Maiduguri, 85 miles from Monguno, but did not take control. All this after the Baga Massacre earlier this year, in which over 2,000 people were killed.

Survivors of the recent attacks reported the rebels came through villages, slitting throats, looting and burning homes, and abducting women and children. Officials said these attack were a significant advance in a campaign to encircle Maiduguri that started last summer, as reported by The New York Times. More than 200 combatants died in the fighting, mainly insurgents, according to The Guardian.

DESERT SHIELDThe town of Monguno, with its military barracks, previously acted as an important protection for Maiduguri. Now, with the fall of Monguno, the Boko Haram are in a better position to advance on Maiduguri.

The two cities are in a strategic position in the northeast, near the neighboring countries of Cameroon, Chad, and Niger. Boko Haram leader, Abubakar Shekau, has expressed intentions of expanding the attacks to nearby Niger and Cameroon. According to The Wall Street Journal, Chad is presently spared from threats because of the French anti-Islamist military group, Operation Barkhane. Headquartered in Chad’s capital, Operation Barkhane has 3,000 French forces.

The Boko Haram killed an estimated 11,245 people in 2014, according to the Council on Foreign Relations. The Wall Street Journal reported these recent ruthless events by the Boko Haram, including the Baga Massacre, are due to a shift from insurgency tactics to governance. Following similar tactics of Islamic State of Iraq and Syrica (ISIS), Boko Haram is employing a warlord model for governance in the areas that take control.

These recent attacks come before Nigeria’s upcoming elections on Feb. 14. John Kerry, the U.S. secretary of state, visited Lagos, the nation’s commercial capital, at the same time of these attacks. He was there to encourage peaceful elections next month.

The New York Times reported, “Mr. Kerry said the United States was prepared to do more to help the faltering Nigerian Military.” However, “He warned that the level of American support would be influenced by the determination of Nigeria’s politicians to carry out a fair and peaceful election.”.

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News

Houghton First in Nation to Offer Liberal Arts Data Science Class

This semester, Houghton became the first liberal arts college in the country to offer an undergraduate class in data science. It is also the first Christian liberal arts college to offer any class in data science according to Carmen McKell, cofounder of BaseMetrics.

“Data Science is the art of turning data into actions,” says The Field Guide for Data Science.

Seminar in Data Science hosted guest speaker Paul Yacci, data scientist at Booz Allen Hamilton and co-author of The Field Guide for Data Science, on Jan. 21, marking the first official class of the semester. Yacci said, “It will certainly will be interesting to see what comes out of liberal arts background towards data science.” He said he was “excited to kick of the series” and is the first of many guest speakers to be part of the weekly seminar.

DataScience_CarmenMcKell According to course coordinator and technology librarian, Glen Avery, the course has weekly guest speakers from the field of data science lined up. McKell, also course coordinator and Houghton alumna is connecting with data scientists to speak at the seminar.

Stefan Heeke, executive director of SumAll.org, was the second speaker, via Skype, last Wednesday. Some other future speakers include Amanda Stent, principal research scientist at Yahoo Labs; Michael Lyons, director of analytics for the Buffalo Bills; and Philip Martin, SumAll.org data scientist. Avery is also trying to get in contact with a digital historian in Australia.

As part of the seminar, McKell said students will, “have a great opportunity to connect with some of the top Data Scientists in many areas including sports analytics, healthcare, business etc.” Grace Baleno, senior and class participant, said “it is good exposure to the field [data science] and making good connections.”

Data1In addition to connections, Martin will become a mentor for students, according to Avery. Martin will advise students on their final project of data evaluation, analysis, and visualization. “Students will get a chance to work with real datasets as part of this course to tell their stories with data,” said McKell. The semester will end with students giving a presentation on their project.

Sarah Slater, senior and class participant, said the class has already “been really interesting because the teachers are people who are in the industry. I think this is an opportunity you don’t have in a lot of classes.”

“Glen Avery and I are very impressed with the diversity of students in the class,” said McKell. “They come from a variety of backgrounds, including psychology, computer science, business, biology, math, accounting, communications, and international development.”

Concerning students of the class and discussion during his presentation, Yacci said, “Bringing all those people together really fostered an interesting discussion surrounding some of the topics. One of the things I find is working with someone from a different field field often makes you have to force yourself to really think outside the box a little bit.”

McKell said, “At the end of the course it is our hope that these students will have a better understanding of the basics behind data science, and see how it fits in with their future careers.”

“I think the area of using data science for social good is a lot more interesting and intriguing to me,” said Baleno. Yacci said, “I think Houghton has a real interesting opportunity here to do a lot of good in the social good arena. I think there is still a lot that could be done as far as social good problems. I think the liberal arts perspective really would bring a lot from their end.”

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Stories In Focus

Murphy’s Recommended Reads The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony

One of the proposals for my sabbatical was to further read in areas of interest in my interdisciplinary work in film and art.  I would like to share a few thoughts on one particular book that has had a lasting impression.  Roberto Calasso is one of the great polymaths writing today.  He writes on literature, art, culture, and philosophy. His books are difficult to define. The book that made him famous is The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony.

calasso-marriage-cadmus-harmonyThe book is a rhapsody on the origins of Greek mythology.  But rather than offer another attempt to retell the myths, such as classics like Robert Graves’ The Greek Myths, Edith Hamilton’s Mythology, or Gustav Schwab’s Gods and Heroes of Ancient Greece, Calasso’s book is more of a work of art.  He begins with where the myths begin… with the abduction of a beautiful young woman.  From there his tale weaves together strands of Homer, Hesiod, Herodotus, Plutarch, Pliny, Sophocles, Euripides…etc. He moves through the permutations of the narratives as one might have heard them spoken in the oral tradition.  The endnotes explain the matrix of sources.  Many familiar  – many not available in any English translation.  Calasso’s idea is that the history of myth is as Joseph Campbell once described it – a grand narrative of our social values and truths.

Some of the best moments for me are those parts of the book where he enters in and comments or questions the nature and interpretations of those stories.  For instance, the alternate narrative of Helen who was never even in Troy.  The woman who precipitated the Trojan/Greek war was actually a double… a phantom.  One reference in Herodotus says she was kept in Egypt. Calasso muses about why Homer decided to give us the other story? This raises the ante on what it is exactly we care about most…ideas or realities?

The book is composed of 12 chapters.  It covers the enormous range of what Graves called the “disorganized corpses of Greek mythology.”  The final chapter gets you into the title of the book.  It tells the story of the tragic fate and aftermath of the marriage of Cadmus and Harmony.  It ends with Cadmus’ gift – letters…” those fly’s feet” that became the Phoenician language in written form, essentially the transition of oral to written text.

It is a pleasure to teach art history to Houghton students. I seldom have to pause to explain who Jacob is or why Absolom is hanging by his hair in a tree.  They know the stories of the Hebrew Bible (what we call the Old Testament) and it’s companion, the New.  Sometimes I prod them into interpretation or to ponder the interconnectedness of the stories.  How Adam and Jesus are mirrored ideas in the text as Paul expounds on the significance in a kind of literary criticism of the text.  It is great to teach students who know the stories.  Houghton students read well as “moral readers”…getting what the text is trying to teach… but not always as “experiential readers.”  Some of the stories are there to makes us feel things.

Calasso’s book is a remarkable work that will generate new ideas about familiar and not so familiar stories.  I recommend this to anyone looking for a highly crafted rich narrative on these foundational stories to western culture.  Read him after you have read Ovid. The Myths of Greece (and the Roman counterparts) form the other half of what all those magnificent paintings in the Louvre, the Prado and the Met are largely about.  Who was Pelops?  Why is that peninsula call the Peloponnese?  Calasso has a great story to relate on that theme. Learn about the curse upon the house of Atreus or the meaning of the oracles. Read the heart breaking investigation that Plutarch took to discover who Charila in Delphi was. These and so many more are the reason this is such a wise, erudite investigation into these sometimes familiar and often times obscure stories.

Did the Greeks believe in their myths? Yes and no. Most of these stories existed to explain the forces of life and fate. On the one hand they are a way to address the season, the mystery of attraction and the reason why a bronze spear misses the foe at whom it was thrown.  Calasso has a very refined sense of the balance between story and meaning. It is a book not quite like any you are going to encounter on this old subject.