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Campus News

President Mullen Becomes U.S. Citizen

On Feb. 19, 2015 President Shirley Mullen officially became a United States citizen. Her previous citizenship before this date was in Canada, where she was born and grew up.

Mullen has been living in the U.S since 1966, but chose to wait to gain citizenship partially because she has a sentimental attachment to where she grew up. She also felt there was a chance she would go back to Canada at some point in her life. She stated, “As I’ve realized that I’m probably not going to go back to work in Canada ever, it just seemed like the sensible thing to do, to make the change by becoming a citizen.”

President MullenMullen explained that while she was waiting for her interview, which happened in Buffalo, she was surrounded by people who were seeking citizenship to gain refuge in America. She shared that it was a fascinating experience. “I was more affected by the process than I thought I would be,” said Mullen. “There were people from 16 different countries represented the day of the interview. It was moving to see the value of American citizenship through the eyes of people who in a sense needed this… We take safety and freedom for granted.”

To become a U.S citizen one must undergo a process called naturalization. Some of things that can come along with citizenship include taxation, voting rights, military service, and jury duty. According to the official website of homeland security, one must firstly fill out an application which includes questions about family, traveling, and other practical questions. The next step in the process is a background check where they take fingerprints. After this  is a test of American history, which is followed by an interview. The last step of the process is a formal swearing in.

Mullen said the experience was a great realization for her of the culture that we experience every day in the U.S and too easily take for granted. People from all over the world are blended together in the same place to find freedom. In most countries there is a sense of never giving up citizenship, but the American citizenship is seen by many as more of a man-made process. Anyone can come to find hope of a bright future.

President Mullen was also reminded that although our citizenship to a country is important, “Our citizenship to a country is always secondary to our citizenship in God’s Kingdom.”

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Campus News

Houghton to be Visited for Reaccreditation

Next week, Houghton College will be toured by its accrediting institution for the once-a-decade re-accreditation visit. The process for re-accreditation began in the 2012-2013 academic year and will most likely come to fruition in the next several weeks.

Accreditation2RGBThe Middle States Commission for Higher Education (MSCHE) is the regional body, part of a much larger national composite, which accredits Houghton College and most of the other accredited institutions in the Middle Atlantic states. According to President Shirley Mullen, accreditation is like “a seal of approval from your peers.”Accreditation is also as if a group of your respected peers said, “We see that you are doing what you say you’re doing.” She noted, “The way we validate higher education institutions is uniquely American. We do it on a peer-based system, while other developed states often conduct accreditation through the federal government.”

“There are fourteen standards by which the MCHSE evaluates an institution,” said Mullen, regarding the process of re-accreditation. “In preparation, Houghton does its own self-study of how we are doing on each of those standards.” The standards include things like “Mission and Goals,” “Institutional Resources,” “Student Admissions and Retention,” and the like. The self study for this round of accreditation began in 2012.

Students play a significant role in the self-study. According to Linda Mills-Woolsey, vice president for academic affairs and dean of the college, “The college is always trying to keep tabs on what we are doing, so we gather data every year. Students help us by participating in surveys like NSSE and by filling out IDEA forms…during the 2012-2013 school year we began to plan for our review, appointing Dr. Paul Young to form a steering committee in consultation with President Mullen … to supervise the self-study. In 13-14 groups made up of faculty, staff, and students conducted the studies needed for the report.”

Accreditation4RGBDr. Paul Young, associate dean for social sciences and psychology professor, added student involvement in the study made it “a better process and document.”

This could have several tangible, practical effect for typical Houghton students.

Young stated, “Studying at an accredited institution, which Houghton has been since 1935, opens doors not only to financial aid but also to graduate and professional schools.” Graduate and professional schools generally place greater weight upon the quality of a candidate’s education if he or she attended an accredited undergraduate school.

President Mullen expanded on this point, saying, “Pell and Tap grants may only be spent at accredited institutions.” In this way, the state and federal governments issuing these funds may know that “their money is being spent well.”

Woolsey added, “employers and graduate schools are more likely to trust the quality of a degree from an accredited institution. Accreditation can also be important when we are asking donors to invest in us or seeking grants from regional and national foundations.” These grants directly impact Houghton students.

President Mullen, who has served as the chair of review committees for other institutions seeking re-accreditation, noted that she believes the “Mission and Goals” standard is that which the quality of the proceeding 13 standards flow out of. “I would be most concerned about an institution which did not have a clear mission” by which it acted upon, she said. She also said she believed the area in which Houghton has improved since its last re-accreditation is in assessment of student learning. She was quick to note, however, that she believes Houghton is doing very well in all the areas by which the college will be evaluated.

There is evidence of this, as Houghton has had no problem with re-accreditation by MSCHE since it was first accredited in 1935. “I want students to know that this is a normal process that every accredited institution must undergo every ten years, and that we have never had a problem in re-accreditation,” stated President Mullen.

Woolsey, speaking of the upcoming visit (the week of March 15) said, “The MSCHE visitors will be very interested in what students have to say about the quality of their education and their experience at Houghton. If they are like past campus visitors, I am confident that they will find the quality of our students the best testimony to our effectiveness in carrying out our mission.”

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Campus News

Two Majors to be Replaced

Plans have been put in place for the outdoor recreation and physical education majors to be phased out and replaced with a sports recreation and wellness management major. The new major is a hybrid of the old majors, but adds new requirements, including some business courses.

According to Linda Mills Woolsey, vice president for academic affairs and dean of the college, outdoor recreation and physical education are two of the oldest majors offered at Houghton. After periodically evaluating all the majors, these two were put under consideration to be critically examined, due in part to their curriculum being outdated.

highlander-groupBoth outdoor recreation and physical education are the only majors at Houghton that have not had developement since the major was initiated, according to Woolsey. Many students who declare this major seek to be employed in careers such as camp directors or physical education teachers. However, according to the data gathered by Woolsey and her team, the career outlook for those with degrees in outdoor recreation and physical education is slim. The job market for those interested in this industry is aligned more with sports and wellness management, an industry that includes jobs such as fitness instructor, professional team manager, nutritionist or dietician, and physical therapist.  Creating the sports recreation and wellness management major will enable students to have more options when deciding on a career.

The new major’s collaboration with the business department will give students the opportunity to enter into a wider variety of management positions, including the traditional camp director or national park specialist.  “The business department at Houghton does a very good job in setting up our students to be socially and ethically responsible,” said Woolsey. The incorporated business courses will capitalize on a student’s complete set of skills.

The decision to phase out the outdoor recreation and physical education majors was first brought to the Academic Council, which, for this particular change, included Professors Sandy Johnson, Andrea Boon, Ken Bates, and two students.  After the council approved the change, it was sent to the faculty to be discussed at the first of two monthly meetings. If the faculty approve the new major, it will then be brought to the New York State Education Department to be approved.  Woolsey plans to have the major available for the incoming fall class of 2019.

The old majors will be completely phased out by 2018.  Woolsey encouraged those who have already declared an outdoor recreation or physical education major, “We are committed to students in the major currently and want to hire the most qualified people to help and be attentive to those students’ needs.”

Due to Professor Thomas Kettlekamp’s retirement at the end of this semester, Laura Alexeichik, who has previously taught at Houghton, will be stepping in as an adjunct professor for the department. Alexeichik has a Ph.D. in recreation with interests in intercultural studies and a dissertation on an “experiential learning environment.”

According to Woolsey, students who typically go into this field, whether with the old majors or the new hybrid, are people who want to serve. These students are not just  interested in finding a job, but more so in helping and serving those in their community through things such as physical therapy or summer camp management.

Woolsey stated, “We are, at the same time, phasing out old programs and building in new ones. This is the way any thriving college should operate, practicing frequently examining all programs to meet the career needs of its students.”

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International News

Iraqi Militia Vs. ISIS

The Iraqi military, alongside thousands of Shiite militia fighters, began a wide-scale offensive on Monday March 2, 2015 to retake the city of Tikrit from the Islamic State.

This was not the first time the Iraqi military has sought to retake Tikrit in the months since the city, Saddam Hussein’s hometown and a Sunni stronghold, fell into rebel hands during the Islamic State’s blitz through the country after seizing the northern city of Mosul in June of last year.

Joe Poyfair GreySeveral times since then, the Iraqi army and allied Shiite militias have begun counteroffensives, only to abort them shortly after. These counteroffensives were sometimes in the defiance of objections from American officials, who would warn the Iraqi military of a blood bath should they try and enter Tikrit.

By sundown Monday, March 2, 2015 fighting raged in the areas surrounding Tikrit, but the army and militia fighters had not yet pushed on the city’s center. ISIS, during this time, released a video that was intended to terrify the citizens who were considering aiding the advancement of the Iraqi military forces.

The video clip showed the execution by gunshot of four men dressed in orange jumpsuits. These men were said to have been local tribesmen collaborating with the Iraqi Military.

In a speech Monday to Parliament, Mr. Abadi echoed the words of President George W. Bush in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trades Center, saying that the residents of Tikrit were either with Iraqi or with ISIS. “There is no neutrality in the Battle against ISIS. If someone is being neutral with ISIS, then he is one of them.”

The fight against ISIS has brought the United States and Iraq into an awkward alliance in Iraq. While the United States’ effort has been in airstrike campaigns, Iraq has taken the most prominent role on the ground.

In a statement that addressed the worries over militias taking retribution on the local population, the United Nations representative in Iraq, Nickolay Mladenov, said Monday that “Military operations reinforced by international and Iraqi air support must be conducted with the utmost care to avoid civilian casualties, and with full respect for the fundamental human rights principles and humanitarian law.”

Rebels undertook a series of attacks in and around the Iraqi Capital Baghdad on Thursday, March 5, 2015 killing at least 16 civilians. These attacks by armed insurgents were mostly targeting civilian areas as Islamic State militants (ISIS) in the country’s north, set oil wells ablaze in an attempt to slow the Iraqi Government forces that were battling to reclaim territory.

In separate attacks on an outdoor market in the Baghdad suburb of Nahrawan, thirteen civilians were killed. At least thirty-nine individuals were wounded in a residential area in the southern district of Dora and in a market in Mahmoudiyah only twenty miles south of Baghdad.

An attack targeting a military patrol in a northeastern district, a bomb killed three soldiers and had wounded seven.

These armed attacks continue to come as government forces, Iranian-backed Shiite militias, and Sunni volunteers continue their fight to recapture areas around Saddam Hussein’s hometown, Tikrit, which fell to Islamic State Militants in June of 2014.

On Thursday, March 5, 2015 militants set fire to some oil wells outside the city. The smoky fires were apparently meant to obscure targets from government bombing raids. The Iraqi government took part in wide-scale operations that began Monday, March 2, 2015.

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News

Enrollment Team Builds Relationships in India to Grow Student Diversity

With recruiting connections to India in development, Houghton will try and continue its strong global history and diverse student body.

Alumnus, Carmen Mckell, who is currently working on the Data Science Program process at Houghton with BaseMetrics, approached Enrollment Management about venturing into an opportunity to recruit students from India. BaseMetrics specializes in predictive analytics and visualization and has worked on over 300 projects in four countries, including India.

Eric Currie, Vice President for Enrollment Management, believes this connection to India will be beneficial because of Houghton’s popularity status. “We are small, we aren’t as well known, so it is difficult to break into new markets when people have no idea who we are,” said Currie.

India_CMYKLast October, Currie went to India to visit both public and private schools, to connect with several universities for potential partnerships, and establish relationships with potential students. As a result of the visit, three applications were submitted which was encouraging, but also surprising to Currie. “I didn’t expect that to be honest, the first time you go you are trying to engage and develop relationships,” said Currie. Two of the three applicants have already been admitted.

A decline in demographic in Alleghany County is one of the main incentives for pursuing the recruiting opportunity in India. Houghton has always had a strong global history and it is part of its “DNA” according to Currie. He would like to continue the tradition of the college’s diverse student body, and thinks the opportunity in India is worth the effort. “India has a significant population that hungers higher education so we feel that this is an option that we need to pursue,” said Currie

Another incentive for Currie and the enrollment management team to materialize the connection is the prospect of making international students discovering Houghton less random.

In first year student Amy Abraham’s case, finding Houghton happened “by chance.” Abraham, who is from Kerala, India, was searching colleges online when she came across Houghton. She had never heard of it before, but that didn’t stop her from wanting to know more.

Although there have already been a few applicants, Currie is not getting ahead of himself. “We are still very much so I would love to have people at Houghton from my home.”

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News

New Honors Program for Transfers and Second Years

This fall Houghton College will introduce a new Honors Program specifically targeted at second year and transfer students. Called Scholastica, the program is aimed at transfer and second year students. The rigorous program will combine the Bible and Theology requirements to form one intensive course that aims to challenge students. Scholastica is intended to provide the “same sort of challenge and radical development that is the purpose of our first year honors programs,” said Benjamin Lipscomb, director of honors.

The committee in charge of designing Scholastica chose Bible and Theology as the disciplines to pair together because they are disciplines that “community college students, even those that come in with an A.A., haven’t satisfied when they got here” according to Lipscomb. According to Jonathan Case, professor of theology, this specific pair of disciplines is also a natural fit because the lessons learned about interpretation “has application value far beyond the boundaries of this course”.

Taught by Case and Sarah Derck, professor of old testament, the program will take the form of a six credit class, which will meet five days a week. The class will proceed chronologically through Biblical and Christian history. The program is structured around the history of statements of faith and scriptural interpretation, both in Jewish history and Christian history, Lipscomb said.

The goal of the class is to allow students to “go deeper into the interaction between scripture, history, and theological reflection than they would ordinarily have the chance to do in either Biblical Literature or Introduction to Christianity,” according to Case. This will include extensive reading of the primary sources.

According to Case, Derck will be the primary teacher for the first part of the class, taking the lead in teaching from “ancient Israel… to the primitive Christian movement.” Case will be the primary instructor from the primitive Christian movement until the present. However, Case stated, there will hopefully be “a lot of interaction in the classroom” between the two professors.

Scholastica has been designed to be a “very intense program,” Case said. Current students interested in applying to join the program should be interested in taking “the opportunity to go deep, and to go through this together” with a group of other students interested in the same topics.

The idea for the program was the realization that transfer students are an increasing proportion of students entering Houghton. Lipscomb, saw a need for a program targeting these students as well as second year students who “maintained a 3.5 [GPA] or above their first semester at Houghton; people who came and showed that they can do really excellently”.

The application and selection process will be as rigorous as the rest of the class. Recruitment for the program has already begun. For this introductory year, students waitlisted from last year’s honors program will be given the opportunity to join the program. According to Cindy Austin, Admission Counselor in charge of transfer students, they hope to interview about 50 students, and hope to have “the first cohort be 20-25 students”.

One of the major sources for students in Scholastica is expected to be community colleges, like Monroe Community College (MCC), that already have a strong relationship with Houghton College’s Admission Office. MCC in particular has a “really thriving honors program for their students,” who hopefully will be interested in continuing that challenging academic curriculum at Houghton.

Scholastica is expected to be a program that will allow transfer students entering Houghton as well as high-achieving current students to have a “rigorous and communal experience” that will make their Houghton career “as good as it can be,” Lipscomb said.

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News

Ebola Cases Decline in Africa

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the Ebola virus disease, formally known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, has taken approximately 9,700 lives since the first outbreak in 2014.  Due to the high mortality rate, it is now classified as a “Risk Group Four Pathogen,” in accordance with the WHO pathogenicity standards.

Ebola_Virus_(2) In regard to geography, the majority of cases are confined to countries in West Africa—namely Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea— with exceptions of a few minor cross-cultural outbreaks.

However, in recent news, reports are showing a drastic decline in case numbers.  Last week, WHO reported only five new cases in Liberia. This improvement has led the government to reopen schools for the first time in months, according to CNN news.

But not all Liberians are keen this immediate step towards “recovery,” and instead deem it as merely fostering a “relapse.”

To get a better understanding of this discrepancy, a personal interview was held last week with Liberia-stationed worker, Armando Costabile, to get a first-hand insight on the problem.

Costabile stated how he fears that the reopening of schools may have some adverse effects on the country. Moreover, he believes safety and caution should come first.

“While the thought of reopening schools appears as a positive landmark, I am weary of the backfire it could have, being this soon.”

Costabile continued his statement by referring to the “cycle of disease” he has witnessed over the years, “Ebola is not new to the Liberians. Outbreaks have occurred in cycles for over a decade.”

He further described the framework of this ‘disease cycle’ in his next statement, “A disease hits, people go into panic, help comes, the hype dwindles down, and people go right back to unsafe contact as if it did not happen.”

While Costabile claimed there are multiple factors playing into this problem, he subsequently highlighted the issue of culture,“I think one of the problems lies with cultural mindsets. This is a culture that lives the moment. While this has great aspects to it, it can often lead to forgetting everything of the past a little too quickly…”

Melissa MacLean GreyCostabile also described the issue with quarantines, and how there are “always one or two tribesmen who were missed and retreat to the bush.” Thus, the cultivation for a relapse begins. In other words, the disease “hides for a few years in the Bush, slowly leaks back into the city, and eventually outbreaks once again.” He states that it is the “nature of a virus.”

On a brighter note, in comparison to past outbreaks, Costabile is a little more hopeful this time with the new enactment of U.S. screenings. According to Costabile, this is the “most orderly and effective screening” he has ever witnessed.

Additionally, on February 8, 2015, WHO released another statement with news of a projected mass vaccination to counteract the crisis.  Though the program is currently undergoing clinical trials, it is said that it will be fully decided on in August of this year.

Costabile is set to return to Liberia within the next month.  Follow up interviews will be conducted to chart the progress, and/or demise. Only time will tell if the Ebola virus is truly concluding its existence.

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News

Track and Field Goes to Nationals

The track and field team started February break early, traveling to Cedarville, Ohio on Feb. 19 for the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA) indoor track nationals. This meet concluded the indoor season that began in mid-December with a competition in Brockport. Arriving last Thursday afternoon, the team had an opportunity to practice on Cedarville’s track and explore the campus, cafeteria, and coffee shop over the long weekend.

TrackThe meet began last Friday night for Houghton with high jump, hurdles, the distance medley relay, 55 meter dash, the 4 by 200 relay race, and the 5K. Marshall Brady placed 16th in the high jump, Brady and Josiah Evans placed tenth and 15th in the 55 meter hurdles, and Enrico Sukhedo placed 13th in the 55 meter dash. The women’s 4 by 200 placed 12th with the team of Nikki Garns, Savannah Doviak, Kate Taggart, and Fiona Daloia. The men’s 4 by 200 meter relay team also placed 12th with Jordan Cady, Enrico Sukhedo, Terry Krangar, and Dan Becker.

On the distance side of the team Cara Davenport (17th place) and Austin Groff (20th place) competed in the 5K. Both the men’s and women’s teams ran a distance medley relay (DMR). A DMR is comprised of a 1200 meter, 400 meter, 800 meter, and 1600 meter leg. The DMR placed 14th, and the women’s DMR placed fourth with the team members of Rebekah White, Savannah Doviak, Nikki Garns, and Joanna Friesen. Rebekah White described the relay as “the highlight of my weekend. The opportunity to compete with such great athletes was amazing. I am so proud of how we did, and even happier I can share that with three of my teammates.”

On Saturday, the highlight of the day was Andrea Melhorn in the weight throw, placing fourth with a throw of 15.11 meters. Jordan Cady also placed tenth in the triple jump with 12.59 meters. Nikki Garns placed 13th in the 400 meter dash, and the women’s and men’s 4 by 400 meter relay teams ran as well, placing 11th and 14th.

Savannah Doviak commented on the meet in general, “Whether they were running, throwing, or on a relay, everyone performed the best they could. I wouldn’t have wanted to end my last indoor season any differently.”

Although Cedarville didn’t offer much of a change in pace from “Houghton weather” the gracious hosts did give a pint of ice cream to every athlete at the closing ceremony. The team traveled late into the night back to Houghton, and dispersed to relax and train over February break. This week marks the beginning of a new season of competition and training, culminating in the NCCAA outdoor nationals hosted by Shorter University in Rome, Georgia.

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News

ISIS Beheads Egyptian Christians

Last weekend, a video surfaced of the Jihadist group, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), showing the beheadings of 21 men. All of these men except one, according to National Public Radio (NPR), were Christian laborers from Egypt.

article-coptic16n-6-webBeheadings have not been uncommon for ISIS. On August 13, 2014 ISIS released a video showing the beheading of U.S. journalist and ISIS hostage, James Foley. On September 13, 2014, yet another video, this time showing the murder of British aid worker, David Haines, is released. Then once more on October 3 and once again November 16, 2014 ISIS released videos of the deaths of British minicab driver, Alan Henning, and U.S. aid worker, Peter Kassig.

This particular set of murders by ISIS differs than the previous. According to Abraham Bashr Aziz, who was present during the kidnapping and is also a brother of one of the deceased, ISIS was specifically looking hostages who were Christian. He said, “I heard them screaming, and I heard them asking about the Christians. They just came to kidnap the Christians.” The kidnapping, however, was not random. According to NPR, the gunmen who came to kidnap Aziz, along with his friends and relatives, had a list of names. Aziz was one of the names on the list.

Egypt’s response to the beheadings was one of violence and retaliation. According to CNN Sunday, Egyptian President, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi proclaimed his country “reserves the right of retaliation and with the methods and timing it sees fit for retribution for those murderers and criminals who are without the slightest humanity.” According to Reuters, an international news agency based in London, on Monday, February 16, Egyptian jet bombed Islamic State targets in Libya. An umbrella group of Islamists in Derna reported the bombing had killed women and children, and in addition warned Egypt of a “harsh and painful” response to come.

The terror from ISIS, however, did not stop there. According to CNN, an Iraqi official has recently confirmed that the town of al-Baghdadi, located in the province of Anbar, has been burned to the ground. With this town an additional 40 officers and tribesmen were burned alive. While the group has not posted photos of the murders on social media as they have in the past, there is reason to believe the Jihadist group is solely responsible for the murders and destruction. The proof comes from the social media updates bragging of their control of al-Baghdadi via photographs. These photographs included images of the recognizable government buildings in al-Baghdadi, along with corpses of the Iraqi joint forces located there.

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News

Houghton Islamic Studies Partners with Lilias Trotter Center

This Monday, Islamic Studies professors Benjamin Hegeman and Don Little, along with President Shirley Mullen and Dean of the College, Linda Mills-Woolsey officially signed a partnership with the Lilias Trotter Center to offer Islamic Studies courses at Houghton. The Lilias Trotter Center, based out of Orlando, Florida, is a collaboration with Pioneers and Serving In Mission (SIM) and enables Christian engagement with Muslims. The Center partnered with Houghton allowing the College to continue the study of Islam by offering courses to better understand Muslim people and the Muslim world. Currently, the agreement with The Lilias Trotter Center and Houghton College is for 18 months, but if the courses are continued to seen as a value to the College, the partnership will continue.

LiliasTrotterSigning1_LukeLauer
From left to right: President Shirley Mullen, Dean Linda Mills-Woolsey, Professor Don Little, and Professor Benjamin Hegeman sign 18 month agreement between the Lilias Trotter Center and Houghton College on Monday Feb. 16.

Currently, Introduction to Islamic Foundations is being offered this semester and is the first course that Houghton has offered residentially and online at the same time. By recording lectures and putting them online, students from all over the world including Kenya and Switzerland are able to learn about Islamic theology and culture. Throughout the course, students are learning about Islam by looking at the three Islam texts: Qur’an, Hadiths, and Sira.  Bethany Rudolph ‘17 said she is taking the course, “to gain a deeper understanding of Islam, to be able to have conversations with Muslims, and to understand what the religion is about.”

LiliasTrotterSigning3_LukeLauer
From left to right: (Back row) Professor Don Little, Gail Schlooser, Professor Benjamin Hegeman (Front Row) Dean Linda Mills-Woolsey and President Shirley Mullen.

Because of budget restrictions, in December of 2013, it looked as though Islamic Studies would be no longer offered at Houghton. Little said, “we needed to know the future of the program and President Mullen invited me to speak out on why we needed Islamic Studies courses.” Throughout the spring semester of 2014, the Lilias Trotter Center and Houghton were communicating about the possibility of a partnership. In May of 2014, an agreement was set between the two organizations and today, they are now in a officially in partnership. Hegeman said, “I’m impressed with President Mullen and her invitation to continue the Islamic Studies programs.” A new Lilias Trotter full-time faculty member, Dr. Gail Schlosser, has joined the Islamic Studies program here at Houghton as well.

Hegeman explains that it is important for anyone in the global community to learn about Islam culture and theology. Senior Tyler Reese explains that her only impression of Muslims before taking this course was what she saw in the media, which she described as terrorist bombings. “I wanted to take this class to have a greater understanding of what provoked those actions and what these people were thinking when they planning such attacks.” Rudolph mentioned that it is easy for people to only listen and to believe to what mass media is telling us about a certain group, such as Muslims. “It’s created a very skewed image of Muslims,” said Rudolph., “Tthe courses that Dr. Little and Dr. Hegeman teach have helped me untangle those ideas and shape a better understanding of what Muslims really believe.,” she said.

Within five years, Little hopes that Houghton will be a main base for teaching Lilias Trotter courses. “We can bring on other Lilias Trotter staff members and work together to serve the local community and the Muslim community,” said Little. These professors are aware of budget restraints but have received a lot of praise for the program. “We realize that it’s an opportunity and challenge,” said Hegeman. In fall of 2015, there will be a new course in Islam offered called Islam: a Christian Introduction. Little said the course will be a general introduction to Islam culture and theology and the department is working on the course to serve as Integrative Studies credit. To find out more about the Lilias Trotter Center, please visit liliastrottercenter.org